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北京时间11月3日凌晨消息，美国联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）于美国东部时间周三下午2点（北京时间周四凌晨2点）公布了货币政策声明，决定将基准利率维持在0.25%到0.5%的目标区间不变，符合市场广泛预期。但该委员会同时表示，通胀“在某种程度上”有所上升，这意味着加息的可能性“继续增强”。

美国联邦公开市场委员会在这份声明中指出，自今年早些时候以来，通货膨胀已在某种程度上有所上升，但仍旧继续低于联邦公开市场委员会2%的长期目标。该委员会判断，上调联邦基金利率的理由已继续增强，但决定暂时等待进一步证据来证明形势正继续朝其目标的方向发展。此次会议上共有两名委员投票反对将联邦基金利率维持不变，他们更希望将其目标区间上调至0.5%到0.75%。

以下是美联储11月份货币政策声明的全文：

自联邦公开市场委员会9月份召开会议以来所收到的信息表明，就业市场继续增强，经济活动与今年上半年的温和增长相比已加快增长。虽然最近几个月以来失业率基本保持不变，但就业增长一直都很稳健。家庭支出一直都在适度增长，但企业固定投资则一直保持疲软。自今年早些时候以来，通货膨胀已在某种程度上有所上升，但仍旧继续低于联邦公开市场委员会2%的长期目标，这部分反映了能源价格早前的下跌以及非能源进口产品价格的下跌。整体而言，最近几个月中以市场为基础的通胀补偿指标已有所上升，但仍旧保持在较低水平；大多数以调查报告为基础的长期通胀预期指标则基本保持不变。

联邦公开市场委员会正在依据其法定使命来寻求培育最大就业和物价稳定。联邦公开市场委员会目前预计，通过逐步调整货币政策立场的方式，经济活动将以稳健的步伐扩张，就业市场状况将进一步在某种程度上有所增强。预计通胀率将在中期上升至2%，原因是能源和进口产品价格此前下跌的暂时性影响将会消散，就业市场则将进一步增强。经济前景的近期风险看似大致平衡。联邦公开市场委员会将继续密切监控通货膨胀指标以及全球经济和金融形势的发展。

在这种背景下，联邦公开市场委员会决定将联邦基金利率保持在0.25%到0.5%的目标区间不变。联邦公开市场委员会判断，上调联邦基金利率的理由已继续增强，但决定暂时等待进一步证据来证明形势正继续朝其目标的方向发展。货币政策立场仍将保持宽松，从而为就业市场状况的进一步改善和通货膨胀重返2%提供支持。

为了判定联邦基金利率目标区间未来调整的时机选择和规模，联邦公开市场委员会将对有关其最大就业和2%通货膨胀目标的已实现和预期经济状况进行评估。这种评估将把一系列广泛的信息考虑在内，包括有关就业市场状况的指标、通胀压力和通胀预期指标、以及有关金融和国际形势发展的读数等。鉴于目前通货膨胀尚未达到2%的形势，联邦公开市场委员会将仔细监控朝向通货膨胀目标的实际和预期将有的进展。联邦公开市场委员会预计，经济状况的发展仅可令其有理由逐步上调联邦基金利率；在一段时间之内，联邦基金利率很可能仍将保持在低于长期普遍值的水平。但是，联邦基金利率的实际道路将依赖于未来数据所表明的经济前景。

联邦公开市场委员会将维持现有的政策，将来自于所持机构债和机构抵押贷款支持债券的本金付款再投资到机构抵押贷款支持债券中去，在国债发售交易中对即将到期的美国国债进行展期，并预计直到联邦基金利率水平的正常化进程顺利展开以前都将继续这样做。这项政策令联邦公开市场委员会的长期债券持有量保持在可观的水平，应可有助于保持融通的金融状况。

在此次会议上投票支持联邦公开市场委员会货币政策行动的委员有：主席珍妮特·耶伦（Janet L. Yellen）、副主席威廉·杜德利（William C. Dudley）、莱尔·布莱恩纳德（Lael Brainard）、詹姆斯·布拉德（James Bullard）、斯坦利·费希尔（Stanley Fischer）、杰罗姆·鲍威尔（Jerome H. Powell）、埃里克·罗森格伦（Eric Rosengren）和丹尼尔·塔鲁洛（Daniel K. Tarullo）。埃丝特·乔治（Esther L. George）和洛丽塔·梅斯特（Loretta J. Mester）则投了反对票，他们在此次会议上更希望将联邦基金利率的目标区间上调至0.5%到0.75%。

美联储声明原文如下：

Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in September indicates that the labor market has continued to strengthen and growth of economic activity has picked up from the modest pace seen in the first half of this year. Although the unemployment rate is little changed in recent months, job gains have been solid. Household spending has been rising moderately but business fixed investment has remained soft. Inflation has increased somewhat since earlier this year but is still below the Committee’s 2 percent longer-run objective, partly reflecting earlier declines in energy prices and in prices of non-energy imports. Market-based measures of inflation compensation have moved up but remain low; most survey based measures of longer-term inflation expectations are little changed, on balance, in recent months.

Consistent with its statutory mandate, the Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. The Committee expects that, with gradual adjustments in the stance of monetary policy, economic activity will expand at a moderate pace and labor market conditions will strengthen somewhat further. Inflation is expected to rise to 2 percent over the medium term as the transitory effects of past declines in energy and import prices dissipate and the labor market strengthens further. Near-term risks to the economic outlook appear roughly balanced. The Committee continues to closely monitor inflation indicators and global economic and financial developments.

Against this backdrop, the Committee decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 1/4 to 1/2 percent. The Committee judges that the case for an increase in the federal funds rate has continued to strengthen but decided, for the time being, to wait for some further evidence of continued progress toward its objectives. The stance of monetary policy remains accommodative, thereby supporting further improvement in labor market conditions and a return to 2 percent inflation.

In determining the timing and size of future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate, the Committee will assess realized and expected economic conditions relative to its objectives of maximum employment and 2 percent inflation. This assessment will take into account a wide range of information, including measures of labor market conditions, indicators of inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and readings on financial and international developments. In light of the current shortfall of inflation from 2 percent, the Committee will carefully monitor actual and expected progress toward its inflation goal. The Committee expects that economic conditions will evolve in a manner that will warrant only gradual increases in the federal funds rate; the federal funds rate is likely to remain, for some time, below levels that are expected to prevail in the longer run. However, the actual path of the federal funds rate will depend on the economic outlook as informed by incoming data.

The Committee is maintaining its existing policy of reinvesting principal payments from its holdings of agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities in agency mortgage-backed securities and of rolling over maturing Treasury securities at auction, and it anticipates doing so until normalization of the level of the federal funds rate is well under way. This policy, by keeping the Committee’s holdings of longer-term securities at sizable levels, should help maintain accommodative financial conditions.

Voting for the FOMC monetary policy action were: Janet L. Yellen, Chair; William C. Dudley, Vice Chairman; Lael Brainard; James Bullard; Stanley Fischer; Jerome H. Powell; Eric Rosengren; and Daniel K. Tarullo. Voting against the action were: Esther L. George and Loretta J. Mester, each of whom preferred at this meeting to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1/2 to 3/4 percent.

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